Motorised lobby

Driver's organisations and road safety campaigning organisations such as the Association of British Drivers and Safe Speed in the UK, and the National Motorists Association in the USA and Canada argue that the strict enforcement of speed limits does not necessarily result in safer driving, and may even have a negative effect on road safety in general. These claims are not supported by the preponderance of peer-reviewed evidence.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_safety

Road design

On neighborhood roads where many vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians and bicyclists (both young and old) can be found, traffic calming can be a tool for road safety. Shared space schemes, which rely on human instincts and interactions, such as eye contact, for their effectiveness, and are characterised by the removal of traditional traffic signals and signs, and even by the removal of the distinction between carriageway (roadway) and footway (sidewalk), are also becoming increasingly popular. Both approaches can be shown to be effective.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_safety

Property Damage

Data for property damage crashes is even more uncertain than for injuries. In some jurisdictions the criterion for reporting is damage exceeding some monetary amount specified by statute. Because of inflation, this requirement may include more and more minor crashes as time passes, until the amount is abruptly changed, thereby reducing the reported number of crashes. Drivers generally report single-vehicle property damage crashes only if they see some benefit in reporting them, regardless of legal obligations.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_safety

Vertical A-pillars

The visibility for the driver is best if the A-pillar is thin and has as vertical a position as possible.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driver_visibility

Future of the dummy

Crash test dummies have provided invaluable data on how human bodies react in crashes and have contributed greatly to improved vehicle design. While they have saved millions of lives, like cadavers and animals, they have reached a point of reduced data return.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crash_test_dummy

The need for testing

On August 31, 1869, Mary Ward became what is believed to be the first recorded victim of a steam powered automobile accident (Karl Benz only invented the gasoline powered automobile as we know it in 1886). Mary Ward was thrown out of a motor vehicle and killed in Parsonstown, Ireland.[1] Some years later, on September 13, 1899, Henry Bliss entered the history books as North America's first motor vehicle fatality when he was hit stepping off a New York City trolley. Since that time, in excess of 20 million people worldwide have lost their lives to motor vehicle accidents.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crash_test_dummy

Excessive use of chrome and other bright or glossy automobile finishes

Much criticism was levied on this facet of auto design, as often instrument panels and dashboards were brightly finished with chrome and glossy enamels which often reflected sunlight or the light of oncoming motor vehicles into the driver's eyes. This problem, according to Nader, was well known by persons in the industry, but little was done to correct it. Usually, the weak excuse for not taking actions was that it would take away from the styling or appearance of the cars. Subsequently, bright and blinding finishes inside motor cars have been greatly reduced or eliminated completely.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsafe_at_Any_Speed

Vertical A-pillars

The visibility for the driver is best if the A-pillar is thin and has as vertical a position as possible.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driver_visibility

In Art

In modern art, particularly music and poetry, the rear-view mirror has become a common metaphor for reflecting upon the past, whether upon one's own memories or a time even more distant. For example, Jane Sequoya's "Scene Through the Rear-View Mirror" expresses a woman's regret for a lost love partly by comparison with the lost Native American people of the prairies [4].

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear-view_mirror

International considerations

The holder of a licence from any European Union member country can drive in any other EU country. Most countries worldwide will also recognize the licences of citizens of foreign states wishing to drive as visitors. All EU member countries now issue licences in a standard format, regardless of the language of the licence.[citation needed]

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driver%27s_license

Russia

Russia was one of a first countries to ever adopt driver's licences, with first ones issued in 1900 by Saint-Petersburg authorities, and joined international convention in 1909, but due to relatively small number of automobiles these attempts were rather sporadic and limited to major centers only. No comprehensive system of drivers' licensing were present until 1936, when Soviet government finally organized and standardized traffic and driving regulations, with this state-wide system to be regulated by specialized police authorities.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driver%27s_license

Sweden

Swedish driving licences (Swedish: Körkort) adhere to the EEA-standard. A learner's permit can be issued from 16 years of age. The student may choose to learn by going to a driving school or in private with up to four different instructors. Usually a mix of the two ways is used. These private instructors must be 24 or older and have hold a valid drivers licence for the last five years. The instructors and student must go through a traffic safety course together before permission is granted - this takes about 3 hours to complete and is usually given at all driving schools at certain dates.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driver%27s_license

South Australia

A person who is at least 16 may apply for a Learner Permit (commonly called Ls) in South Australia. Applicants must pass a theory test to qualify. A learner driver must be accompanied by somebody who holds a full licence for the vehicle being driven. They must display yellow L plates, not have any alcohol in their blood, not get more than 4 demerit points, and must not travel above 80 km/h.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driver%27s_license

Identification

Because a large number of countries, including Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States have no national identification cards and because of the widespread use of cars, driver's licences are often used as the standard form of identification.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driver%27s_license

Turning

Vehicles will often want to cease to travel in a straight line and turn onto another road. The vehicle's directional signals (blinkers) are often used as a way to announce one's intention to turn, thus alerting other drivers. The actual usage of blinkers varies greatly amongst countries. Turning traffic must usually yield the right of way to oncoming traffic - in right-driving countries, vehicles must yield when performing a left turn; on left-driving countries vehicles must yield when performing a right turn.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_the_road

Overtaking

Overtaking, or passing refers to a manoeuvre that is in effect passing vehicles traveling in the same direction. On two-lane roads, when there is a split line or a dashed line on the side of the overtaker, drivers may overtake when it is safe. In multi-lane roads in most jurisdictions, overtaking is permitted in the 'slower' lanes. See lanes below.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_the_road

Rush hour policies

Some cities adopt policies to reduce rush-hour traffic and pollution and encourage the use of public transportation. For example, in São Paulo, Brazil each vehicle has a specific day of the week in which it is forbidden from traveling the roads during rush hour. The day for each vehicle is taken from the license plate number, and this rule is enforced by traffic police and also by hundreds of strategically positioned traffic cameras backed by computerized image-recognition systems that issue tickets to offending drivers.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_the_road

Lanes

When a street is wide enough to accommodate several vehicles traveling side-by-side, it is usual for traffic to organize itself into lanes, that is, parallel corridors of traffic. Some roads have one lane for each direction of travel and others have multiple lanes for each direction. Some countries apply pavement markings to clearly indicate the limits of each lane and the direction of travel that it must be used for. In other countries lanes have no markings at all and drivers follow them mostly by instinct rather than visual stimulus.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_the_road

Organization

Traffic is formally organized in many jurisdictions, with marked lanes, junctions, intersections, interchanges, traffic signals, or signs. Traffic is often classified by type: heavy motor vehicle (e.g. car, truck); other vehicle (e.g. moped, bicycle); and pedestrian. Different classes may share speed limits and easement, or may be segregated. Some jurisdictions may have very detailed and complex rules of the road while others rely more on drivers' common sense and willingness to cooperate.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_the_road

Control of cases

An American attorney licensed in each applicable court may in a few cases control and argue his or her case at each level of the judiciary through its entire lifecycle. A notable example of this is the Brown v. Board of Education litigation, where the same trial team handled the case from start to finish at the U.S. Supreme Court. However, cases which advance to the appellate level, particularly to the U.S. Supreme Court, are often re-assigned to experienced appellate practitioners or firms.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attorney

Taiwan

Article 62 of the Act Governing the Punishment of Violation of Road traffic Regulations (zh:道路交通管理處罰條例) proclaimed on 28 December 2005 and effective on 1 July 2006 provides the following administrative penalties:

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hit_and_run_%28vehicular%29

Collision prevention

Although many crashes are caused by behavior that is difficult to alter, by mechanical failure, or by road conditions, some technical solutions would automatically detect how close the driver is to the car in front and automatically adjust the car's acceleration to prevent the car from getting closer than the distance in which it can safely stop.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_Accident